While Im not always a fan of sticking strictly to the rules or guidelines of photography I think they can be well worth knowing and keeping in the back of your mind as you shoot (whether its so you can follow them or break them for effect). Heres four rules for landscape photography that might be helpful for those just starting out (ie theyre not meant as a definitive guide but rather a starting point) :
1. Diagonal Lines 
Photo by Feuillu
Using diagonal lines can be a very effective way of drawing the eye of those viewing an image into it and to the main focal point.
The lines need not be actual lines they could be the shape of a path, a line of trees, a fence, river or any other feature in an image.
Converging lines (two or more lines coming from different parts of an image to a single point) can be all the more effective.
Read more about using Diagonal Lines in your digital photography.
2. Geometric Shapes 
Photo by Mattijn
By positioning key aspects of a landscape on points of a geometric shape you can help create a balanced composition. Perhaps the most common and easiest way to do this is to use a triangle shape between objects in an image with three objects in a frame positioned with one to each side and one more central.
Using Geometric Shapes in this way isnt something that Ive done a lot of but it is one technique to get balance in a shot and if youre clever, to lead the eye into it (in a similar way to the diagonal lines rule above).
You can see this illustrated (to a point) in the photomontage image to the right.
3. The Rule of Thirds 
Photo by james_wicks
The Rule of Thirds gets trotted out more often than any other in all types of photography and is one of the first rules of composition taught to most photography students. While sometimes it can feel a little cliche it can also be a very effective technique in landscapes (although keep in mind that breaking this (and other rules) can also produce dramatic and interesting shots).
Position key points of interest in a landscape on the intersecting point between imaginary third points in an image and youll help give your image balance and help those focal points to really capture attention.
Read more about using the Rule of Thirds in composing your shots.
4. Framing Images 
Photo by Leviathor
While adding points of interest to a foreground is an important technique for adding interest to landscape shots a similar technique is to frame the shot by adding interest to other parts of the edges of an image.
Perhaps the most common way of framing a landscape shot is to include an overhanging branch in the upper section of a shot. Similarly framing a shot with a bridge might work.
Read more about Framing Images
Rules are Made to Be Broken?
Of course while knowing the rules can be important knowing when to use them and when to break them is a talent that great photographers generally have.
Practice these techniques but dont get so worked up about them that they kill the creativity that you have.
Let me finish with a quote about Rules of Photography from Photographer Edward Weston to help give us a little balance on the topic:
To consult the rules of composition before making a picture is a little like consulting the law of gravitation before going for a walk. Such rules and laws are deduced from the accomplished fact; they are the products of reflection.
Further Reading: 11 Surefire Tips for Improving Your Landscape Photography.
Similar Posts:
- How to Use Converging Lines to Enhance Your Photography
- Dessert: Weekly Photography Challenge
- The Photo Critique: Portrait Edition
- Saying it Doesnt Do Diddly
- Black and White: Weekly Photography Challenge
